FAQs
What is Gynaecological Oncology?
Gynaecological Oncology is a specialised branch of medicine focused on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of cancers affecting the female reproductive system.
Which cancers are treated by a Gynaecological Oncologist?
A Gynaecological Oncologist manages cancers related to the female reproductive organs, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine or endometrial cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, and certain complex pelvic tumours.
When should I consult a Gynaecological Oncologist?
You should consult a specialist if you have been diagnosed with a gynaecological cancer, have an abnormal screening report, persistent pelvic symptoms, unexplained vaginal bleeding, a pelvic mass, or a strong family history of ovarian, breast, uterine, or related cancers.
What symptoms should not be ignored?
Symptoms may vary, but medical consultation is advised for persistent bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, bleeding after menopause, unusual vaginal discharge, changes in bowel or bladder habits, unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, or a lump in the lower abdomen.
Does an abnormal Pap smear mean I have cancer?
No. An abnormal Pap smear does not always mean cancer. It may indicate infection, inflammation, precancerous changes, or other conditions. Further evaluation such as HPV testing, colposcopy, or biopsy may be advised depending on the report.
What is cervical cancer screening?
Cervical cancer screening helps detect early cell changes in the cervix before they become cancerous. Common screening methods include the Pap smear, HPV test, and visual inspection methods where appropriate.
What is HPV and how is it linked to cervical cancer?
Human Papillomavirus, or HPV, is a common virus. Certain high-risk types of HPV can cause changes in cervical cells that may develop into cervical cancer over time if not detected and treated early.
Can the HPV vaccine prevent cervical cancer?
The HPV vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer caused by common high-risk HPV types. It is most effective when taken before exposure to the virus, but eligibility and timing should be discussed with a qualified doctor.
What tests may be required for diagnosis?
Depending on your symptoms and medical history, tests may include pelvic examination, Pap smear, HPV test, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, PET-CT, tumour marker tests, colposcopy, biopsy, or diagnostic laparoscopy.
What is a biopsy?
A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is collected and examined under a microscope. It helps confirm whether a growth or abnormal area is cancerous, precancerous, or benign.
Is every ovarian cyst cancerous?
No. Most ovarian cysts are non-cancerous, especially in younger women. However, some cysts or ovarian masses require further evaluation based on age, symptoms, ultrasound findings, tumour markers, and family history.
What treatment options are available for gynaecological cancers?
Treatment depends on the type, stage, and individual health condition. It may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of treatments.
Will I need surgery?
Not every patient requires surgery. When surgery is recommended, the approach depends on the type and stage of cancer, overall health, and treatment goals. Your doctor will explain the procedure, benefits, possible risks, and recovery process.
Can fertility be preserved during cancer treatment?
In selected cases, fertility-preserving treatment may be possible. This depends on the cancer type, stage, age, and future pregnancy plans. It is important to discuss fertility concerns before beginning treatment.
Can gynaecological cancers be prevented?
Not all cancers can be prevented, but risk can be reduced through regular screening, HPV vaccination, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding tobacco, managing weight, knowing family history, and seeking timely medical advice for unusual symptoms.
Is cancer treatment painful?
Some treatments may cause discomfort or side effects, but pain and symptoms can often be managed effectively with appropriate medical support. Your care team will guide you through symptom management and supportive care.
How often should I come for follow-up after treatment?
Follow-up schedules vary according to the type of cancer, treatment received, and individual condition. Regular follow-ups are important to monitor recovery, manage side effects, and detect any recurrence early.
Can I take a second opinion?
Yes. Seeking a second opinion is a reasonable and often helpful step, especially before major surgery or cancer treatment. It can help you understand your diagnosis and treatment options with greater confidence.
What should I bring for my first consultation?
Please bring previous medical records, test reports, scans, pathology reports, prescription history, discharge summaries, a list of current medicines, and any relevant family medical history.
How can I book an appointment with Dr. Puja Chatterjee?
You may book an appointment through the website, call the clinic directly, or submit an enquiry form. The clinic team will guide you regarding available consultation slots and required documents.